Benzodiazepines, also known as "benzos," are psychotropic medications typically given to people who are suffering from anxiety. Symptoms of anxiety include a heightened nervous system, excessive worry and rapid heart beat. Benzodiazepines calm the body and the mind, thus reducing anxiety symptoms. Benzodiazepines can also be used to treat seizures, depression due to anxiety, panic disorders and/or insomnia
Commonly used benzodiazepines for anxiety disorders include:
- Xanax (alprazolam)
- Rivotril (clonazepam)
- Ativan (lorazepam)
- Valium (diazepam)
How They Work
Chemicals in the brain, called neurotransmitters, are often imbalanced in individuals with mental health issues. According to Rxlist.com, benzodiazepines affect a chemical in the brain called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA reduces the activity of nerves in the brain (thus reducing anxiety), and the benzodiazepines increase the effects of GABA.
Most benzodiazepines will begin to take effect within hours, some in even less time. Benzodiazepines differ in duration of action in different individuals; they may be taken two or three times a day, or sometimes only once a day. Dosage is generally started at a low level and gradually raised until symptoms are diminished or removed. The dosage will vary a great deal depending on the symptoms and the individual’s body chemistry.
Side Effects
Common side effects of benzodiazepines include, but are not limited to: clumsiness, constipation, cough, dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, headache, changes in appetite and sexual desire, increased saliva production, trouble concentrating, weakness, weight changes, unsteadiness, dizziness, lightheadedness, runny nose, muscle aches and nervousness, according to drugs.com. If you develop a sudden allergic reaction to the medication, seek medical attention immediately.
Abuse
Abuse of benzodiazepines is common. To avoid becoming addicted to your medication, take it as directed by your doctor and do not give any of your medication to anyone else. Others without anxiety issues may feel a "high" from the medication and may become addicted to it.
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